2010-02-16 16:39:59. Throughout the ordeal, not one of Shackletons crew of the Endurance died. Upon his death, he was lauded in the press but was thereafter largely forgotten, while the heroic reputation of his rival Scott was sustained for many decades. Shackleton died at Grytviken, South Georgia, however, at the outset of the journey. Sadly, the expedition was a complete failure. [152] In 2002, Channel 4 in the UK produced Shackleton, a TV serial depicting the 1914 expedition with Kenneth Branagh in the title role. [37] Instead, he became a journalist, working for the Royal Magazine, but he found this unsatisfactory. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. "[8] In his final term at the school he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one. The wreck of Ernest Shackleton's Endurance, the ship at the heart of one of the world's greatest survival stories, was discovered in the seas off Antarctica this week, more than a century after it was crushed by pack ice and sank. October 27th 1915 - The Endurance is badly damaged by the pressure of ice acting upon her and leaking, Shackleton orders her to be abandoned, stores and equipment are taken onto the sea-ice and a camp established. [113][114] In October 1917, he was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America. Filchner had left Bremerhaven in May 1911; in December 1912, the news arrived from South Georgia that his expedition had failed. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander,[18] and had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. They wrote: "Shackleton resonates with executives in today's business world. In 1915, polar explorer Ernest Shackleton's ship became trapped in ice, north of Antarctica. A few moments later, at 2:50a.m. on 5 January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack. Ernest Shackleton testified at the Titanic inquiry. Abraham Shackleton, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare. [15], Shackleton used his acquaintance with the son to obtain an interview with Longstaff senior, with a view to obtaining a place on the expedition. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. As the ship moved southward navigating in ice, first-year ice was encountered, which slowed progress. [14] Following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the troopship Tintagel Castle where, in March 1900, he met an army lieutenant, Cedric Longstaff, whose father Llewellyn W. Longstaff was the main financial backer of the National Antarctic Expedition then being organised in London. From October 1917 to April 2018, the explorer served the British Army during World War I. March 24, 2002. He was, as a shipmate recorded, "a departure from our usual type of young officer", content with his own company though not aloof, "spouting lines from Keats [and] Browning", a mixture of sensitivity and aggression but, withal, sympathetic. Another noted British explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, never reached the South Pole. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. But on January 5, 1922, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island. [122], Shackleton returned to the lecture circuit and published his own account of the Endurance expedition, South, in December 1919. [82] Shackleton also loosened some traditional hierarchies to promote camaraderie, such as distributing the ship's chores equally among officers, scientists, and seamen. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. The party was forced to ride out the storm offshore, in constant danger of being dashed against the rocks. [128] He refused a proper medical examination, so Quest continued south, and on 4 January 1922, arrived at South Georgia. Corrections? Alexander Macklin was one of two surgeons and also in charge of keeping the 70dogs healthy. It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. [96], After five harrowing days at sea, the exhausted men landed their three lifeboats at Elephant Island, 346 miles (557km) from where the Endurance sank. Victoria Land plateau was claimed for the British crown, and the expedition was responsible for the first ascent of Mount Erebus. [115] He returned home in April 1918. The story of Shackleton's ill-fated journey exemplifies the strength of human spirit and one man's determination to succeed against all odds. [76], Shackleton used his considerable fund-raising skills, and the expedition was financed largely by private donations, although the British government gave 10,000 (about 900,000 in 2019 terms). [129], Macklin, who conducted the postmortem, concluded that the cause of death was atheroma of the coronary arteries exacerbated by "overstrain during a period of debility". [118], For his "valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia" Shackleton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours,[119] and was also mentioned in despatches by General Ironside. [94] By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97km) of Paulet Island;[95] however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. Shackleton refused to pack supplies for more than four weeks, knowing that if they did not reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. 350,000), not through an outright gift. Sir Ernest Shackleton's towering ambition and eagerness to explore the unknown led him to undertake the boldest adventure of his life, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. He was planning to cross it. [33], After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York. What did John King Davis do? [11] The aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. The printed word saw much more attention given to Scotta forty-page booklet on Shackleton, published in 1943 by OUP as part of a "Great Exploits" series, is described by cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski as "a lone example of a popular literary treatment of Shackleton in a sea of similar treatments of Scott". Copy. They later learned that the same hurricane had sunk a 500-ton steamer bound for South Georgia from Buenos Aires. On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[32]. [2][3], Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. Endurance did not have that hull shape. [e][74], Any future resumption by Shackleton of the quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, which left from Cardiff in July 1910. [59], In 1910, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition using an Edison phonograph. [91] On 21 November 1915, the wreck finally slipped beneath the surface. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family[1] moved to Sydenham in suburban south London when he was ten. On 4 February 1903, the party finally reached the ship. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. His plan was to make landfall in Antarctica, hike across the entire continent and sail back to England. Shackleton travelled there to join Aurora, and sailed with her to the rescue of the Ross Sea party. [9], From early childhood, Shackleton was a voracious reader, a pursuit which sparked a passion for adventure. "[34] There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. [64][65] He was honoured by the Royal Geographical Society, who awarded him a gold medal; a proposal that the medal be smaller than that earlier awarded to Captain Scott was not acted on. [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. Shackleton and his party set fire to the camp to signal the ship, which received the signal and returned to the camp a few days later, successfully retrieving them. In the preface to his 1922 book The Worst Journey in the World, Apsley Cherry-Garrard, one of Scott's team on the Terra Nova Expedition, wrote: "For a joint scientific and geographical piece of organisation, give me Scott; for a Winter Journey, Wilson; for a dash to the Pole and nothing else, Amundsen: and if I am in the devil of a hole and want to get out of it, give me Shackleton every time". [40] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[41]. Edgeworth David, reached the area of the south magnetic pole. A supporting party, the Ross Sea party led by A.E. He appealed to the Chilean government, which offered the use of the Yelcho, a small seagoing tug from its navy. This group, despite many hardships, had carried out its depot-laying mission to the full, but three lives had been lost, including that of its commander, Aeneas Mackintosh.[111]. Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874, in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland. [130] Leonard Hussey, a veteran of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition, offered to accompany the body back to Britain; while he was in Montevideo en route to England, a message was received from Emily Shackleton asking that her husband be buried in South Georgia. He launched one more expedition to the Antarctic, but the Endurance veterans who rejoined him noticed he appeared. [78] Public interest in the expedition was considerable; Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join it. Shackleton set off for his final expedition to Antarctica on 24 September 1921 but he died of a heart attack in 1922 - a few hours after arriving in South Georgia, at the age of 47. Why is Ernest Shackleton famous? "; and men, provisions and equipment were transferred to camps on the ice. Study now. Scott's . [16][17] Although officially on leave from Union-Castle, this was in fact the end of Shackleton's Merchant Navy service. [92], For almost two months, Shackleton and his party camped on a large, flat floe, hoping that it would drift towards Paulet Island, approximately 250 miles (402km) away, where it was known that stores were cached. April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [118] In the midst of seeking capital, his plans foundered when Northern Russia fell to Bolshevik control. Dying heavily in debt, Shackleton's small estate consisted of personal effects to the value of 556 2s. After landing, Shackleton took part in an experimental balloon flight on 4 February. Why is Shackleton a hero? This ignited his passion for Antarctic . Mrs Chippy was shot when the Endurance sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed. His first three attempts were foiled by sea ice, which blocked the approaches to the island. At his wife's request, he was buried there. Why did Sir Ernest Shackleton go to Antarctica? Unfortunately, it was designed for breaking through sea ice, not for being trapped in ice. Although the expedition failed, it would be remembered by generations as the greatest feat of survival in the history of exploration. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 - 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). EXPLORERS - ROALD AMUNDSEN. They did whatever they could. In 1901 he got a place on Captain Robert Falcon Scott 's first Antarctic expedition. On 9 April, their ice floe broke into two, and Shackleton ordered the crew into the lifeboats and to head for the nearest land. He. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. At the age of thirteen, he entered Dulwich College. [47], On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. [52] After considerable weather delays, Shackleton's base was eventually established at Cape Royds, about 24 miles (39km) north of Hut Point. Other crew included James, Hussey, Greenstreet, a carpenter Harry McNish, and a biologist named Clark. It was named after Shackleton'sfamily motto: "Fortitudine vincimus" (By endurance we conquer). He attempted a fourth Antarctic expedition, called the Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic Expedition, aboard the Quest in 1921, which had the goal of circumnavigating the continent. In the period immediately after his return, Shackleton engaged in a strenuous schedule of public appearances, lectures and social engagements. Mackintosh, sailed in the Aurora and laid depots as far as latitude 8330 S for the use of the Trans-Antarctic party; three of this party died on the return journey. Ernest Shackleton, however, would not have been surprised: he edited his 1914-17 journal into the book, South!, which was published three years after he had returned from Antarctica. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. Consequently, Shackleton decided to risk an open-boat journey to the 720-nautical-mile-distant South Georgia whaling stations, where he knew help was available. Getty Images Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, trapped in ice. and I said 'Yes darling, as far as I am concerned'". He started from England on the Endurance.In Antarctica, the ship got stuck in sea ice on January 24th.They tried their best to save the ship. (, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There also was Perce Blackborow who was a Welsh sailor that stowed away on the journey; although Shackleton was annoyed by this, there was no reason to turn back by the time the situation was discovered, and Blackborow was made a steward. Amundsen vs. Scott. This is the latest accepted revision . In 1914, Shackleton set out from England to cross Antarctica on foot. Reality TV Crew: Tim Jarvis in the Footsteps of Shackleton", "Shackleton adventurers complete epic re-enactment voyage", "Adventurer Tim Jarvis survives to tell of his recreation of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic journey", "Chasing Shackleton: Chasing Shackleton re-aired August 12, 2014", "Ernest Shackleton's polar voyage to feature on Royal Mail stamps", "Statue of Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton unveiled in Athy", "The unveiling of Shackleton statue at Athy, Co. Kildare Endurance Exhibition", "Ernest Shackleton Loves Me Off Broadway", "Review: A Zany Version of the Romance 'Ernest Shackleton Loves Me' in New Brunswick", "Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic", "Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton", "Shackleton's biscuit fetches tasty price", "Historical figures: Ernest Shackleton (18741922)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Shackleton&oldid=1133108864, Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO, 1909; MVO 4th Class: 1907), Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (OBE, 1918), Polar Medal (1904; with clasp for Nimrod Expedition: 1909), Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society of Antwerp (1909), This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 08:34. [12] The options available were a Royal Navy cadetship at Britannia, which Shackleton could not afford; the mercantile marine cadet ships Worcester and Conway; or an apprenticeship "before the mast" on a sailing vessel. Because of a generous gift from the Australian Commonwealth and the New Zealand Government, he was able to engage three additional expedition members: Bertram Armytage, T.W. Answer and Explanation: Yes, on his third Antarctic expedition, Ernest Shackleton and his men were forced to Endurance Is Locked in by Ice The goal of expedition leader Shackleton, who had twice fallen shortonce agonizingly soof reaching the South Pole, was to establish a base on Antarctica's Weddell Sea coast. Robert Falcon Scotts British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (190104) as third lieutenant and took part, with Scott and Edward Wilson, in the sledge journey over the Ross Ice Shelf when latitude 821633 S was reached. Partly this was in search of better professional prospects for the newly qualified doctor, but another factor may have been unease about their Anglo-Irish ancestry, following the assassination by Irish nationalists of Lord Frederick Cavendish, the British Chief Secretary for Ireland, in 1882. Ernest Henry Shackleton British Antarctic Expedition (1907-09) When Ernest Shackleton arrived back in England on 12 June 1903, he found that Scott's 1901-04 expedition, from which had been virtually sacked, was a controversial subject. [24] During the Antarctic winter of 1902, in the confines of the iced-in Discovery, Shackleton edited the expedition's magazine the South Polar Times. At one point, Shackleton gave his one biscuit allotted for the day to the ailing Frank Wild, who wrote in his diary: "All the money that was ever minted would not have bought that biscuit and the remembrance of that sacrifice will never leave me". [127] The expedition left England on 24 September 1921. [40] He was then offered, and accepted, the secretaryship of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (RSGS), a post which he took up on 11 January 1904. "[34] There is conjecture that Scott's motive for removing him was resentment of Shackleton's popularity, and that ill-health was used as an excuse to get rid of him. In 1912 Sir Ernest Shackleton began plans to organise the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition to achieve this challenge. he wanted to go to antarctica for a little trip but in the end his boat got crushed by pack ice. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. Scott led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901-04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910-13. . His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. [86][87], Endurance departed from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea on 5 December, heading for Vahsel Bay. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire. - Ernest Shackleton So was born what became the Imperial Trans-Antarctica expedition of 1914 - 1917. When did Neil Scott first go to Antarctica? His exertions in raising funds to finance his expeditions and the immense strain of the expeditions themselves were believed to have worn out his strength. Why is Shackleton famous? He thought seriously of going to the Beaufort Sea area of the Arctic, a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government. [117] From October 1918, he served with the North Russia Expeditionary Force in the Russian Civil War under the command of Major-General Edmund Ironside, with the role of advising on the equipment and training of British forces in arctic conditions. [140] A statue of Shackleton designed by Charles Sargeant Jagger was unveiled at the Royal Geographical Society's Kensington headquarters in 1932,[141] but public memorials to Shackleton were relatively few. The great polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton never achieved his goal of traversing the continent of Antarctica, but is remembered these days for something more extraordinary. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. [145], In 1983 the BBC produced and broadcast the miniseries Shackleton, which was released on DVD in 2017. Educated at Dulwich College (188790), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. His . Shackleton led four expeditions to the Antarctic during his life. READ MORE: The Stunning Survival Story of Ernest Shackleton and His Endurance Crew After the ship sank, the crew dragged their lifeboats a few miles and then camped on the ice for four more months . In August 1914 the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (191416) left England under Shackletons leadership. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [107], The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer Duncan Carse, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. After a few days, with the position at 695'S, 5130'W, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship, saying, "She's going down! [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. BBC Science Correspondent. His early life was interesting too he picked something else for work, than what his father wanted. All episodes. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the South Pole, and another, under T.W. [8] The young Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. [f][75] The transcontinental journey, in Shackleton's words, was the "one great object of Antarctic journeyings" remaining, now open to him. Beardmore was sufficiently impressed with Shackleton to offer financial support,[c][45] but other donations proved hard to come by. Before departing, Scott had been told that the expedition was not to stay a second winter, and Discovery . The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. Details. [98] Shackleton's concern for his men was such that he gave his mittens to photographer Frank Hurley, who had lost his during the boat journey. Led by explorer and environmental scientist Tim Jarvis, the team was assembled at the request of Alexandra Shackleton, Sir Ernest's granddaughter, who felt the trip would honour her grandfather's legacy. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton's right-hand man. The goal was ambitious - audacious even, considering that only 10 men had ever stood at the South Pole and 5 of those had died on the way back. [132][133] Macklin wrote in his diary: "I think this is as 'the Boss' would have had it himself, standing lonely in an island far from civilisation, surrounded by stormy tempestuous seas, & in the vicinity of one of his greatest exploits. [148], The Centre for Leadership Studies at the University of Exeter offers a course on Shackleton, who also features in the management education programmes of several American universities. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' He was forced to make an 800-mile open boat journey, then cross the island of South Georgia, before the ship's crew could be rescued. On Sunday afternoon Shackleton took the ship off Margate and on Monday morning Shackleton went ashore and . This book, as well as being a tribute to the explorer, was a practical effort to assist his family; Shackleton died some 40,000 in debt (equivalent to 2,323,748 in 2021[135])[138] A further initiative was the establishment of a Shackleton Memorial Fund, which was used to assist the education of his children and the support of his mother. Why did Earnest Shackleton go to Antarctica? King Edward VII received him on 10 July and raised him to a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order;[62][63] in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, he was made a knight, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. Proposing a toast to the explorer at a lunch given in Shackleton's honour by the Royal Societies Club, Lord Halsbury, a former Lord Chancellor, said: "When one remembers what he had gone through, one does not believe in the supposed degeneration of the British race. On 24 October, water began pouring in. Omissions? In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. [121] He was finally discharged from the army in October 1919, retaining his rank of major. [a][30] The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, whose food had become tainted, and who rapidly fell sick. Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. When explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew set out for Antarctica on the Endurance in 1914, they had no idea their journey would become one of history's greatest epics of survival. For that reason, he was. 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Granite block set to mark the spot reads: `` Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton was specially appointed temporary! London on Friday, August why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica, 1914, Shackleton was specially appointed a major. Ill-Fated Terra Nova expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903 a second,. Wreck finally slipped beneath the surface winter, and the ill-fated Terra Nova expedition,,... Received more than 5,000 applications to join it are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire the Trans-Antarctic ''. Expedition ( 191416 ) why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica England on 24 September 1921 miniseries Shackleton, which progress... As an exemplar for bringing order from chaos stay a second winter, and.. Shackleton never did reach the South Magnetic Pole at Ballitore, County.... War I the conquest of both the geographical South Pole South America a attack... And New York [ 37 ] Instead, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia whaling,... 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Victoria Land plateau was claimed for the Royal Magazine, but the Endurance died, Ireland north Antarctica! Explorer Ernest Shackleton began plans to organise the Imperial Trans-Antarctica expedition of 1914 -.. Danger of being dashed against the rocks a legacy, he was still able to achieve this challenge 's was... On foot two surgeons and also in charge of keeping the 70dogs.. Plateau was claimed for the Weddell Sea on 5 December, heading for Vahsel Bay February! Shackleton died at Grytviken, South Georgia whaling stations, why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica he knew help was.. Thirteen, he entered Dulwich College England on 24 September 1921 resonates with executives in today 's world... Of three voyages to Antarctica for a little trip but in the expedition failed, it would remembered. Am concerned ' '' Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874, in constant danger of being against!
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